Liquor licensing policies in early colonial Australia were relatively liberal, but in the late 19th century there was growing pressure from conservative Christian groups, known as the Temperance Leagues, to restrict the sale of alcohol. Therefore, for the period between 18, alcohol production and consumption in Australia was dominated by beer and spirits, with Australian pubs becoming synonymous with ice-cold pilsener beer. Beer was for many years the largest-selling form of alcoholic drink in Australia, and Australia has long had one of the highest per capita rates of beer consumption in the world.Īustralia did not develop a significant wine-making industry until the 20th century and while the wine industry grew steadily, wine did not become a major consumer drink until the late 20th century. Customers began to sit apart from the publicans, the atmosphere became commercial rather than home-like and the pub became a distinctly public, Australian male-dominated establishment.īeer drinking culture in Australia Īustralia's beer-drinking culture is descended from the northern European tradition, which favoured grain-derived beverages like beer and spirits, whereas in southern European countries like Italy and Greece wine was the drink of choice. The development that solidified the characteristic style of the modern Australian pub was the introduction of the American-style bar counter in the early nineteenth century. Its marble bar was dismantled and reinstalled in a basement under the Sydney Hilton Hotel, which was built on the site of the Tattersall's Hotel in the early 1970s. 1970 to make way for the MLC Centre) and the Tattersall's Hotel in Pitt St. State capitals like Melbourne and Adelaide, and large regional cities and towns such as Kalgoorlie in Western Australia still boast some examples, and many other 19th-century pubs survive in country towns.Īmong the colonial-era hotels, now lost to development, were the Bellevue Hotel in Brisbane (demolished in 1979) and two of Sydney's pub-hotels – the Hotel Australia, which formerly stood on the corner of Castlereagh St and Martin Place (demolished c. Some of the best colonial-era pubs in Australia's major cities have fallen victim to urban re-development, which has destroyed a significant portion of Australia's 19th-century architectural heritage. Pubs proliferated during the 19th century, especially during the gold rush that began in the 1850s, and many fine examples were built in the state capitals and major regional cities and towns. Photograph taken by Sam Hood for LJ Hooker, State Library of New South Wales, 31796 Photograph taken by Sam Hood for LJ Hooker, State Library of New South Wales, 31801 Patrons of Captain Cook Hotel, Paddington in 1951. The Bellevue hotel in 1933 Captain Cook Hotel, Paddington in 1951. The Oriental Hotel, circa 1964, in Adelaide, South Australia. Pubs typically served multiple functions, simultaneously serving as hostelry, post office, restaurant, meeting place and sometimes even general store.ġ9th-century development The Brisbane Bridge Hotel, Brisbane, c. In many cases, pubs were the first structures built in newly colonised areas, especially on the goldfields, and new towns often grew up around them. However, in the 19th century the local version evolved a number of distinctive features that set it apart from the classic British or urban Irish pub. The production and consumption of alcoholic drinks has long played a key role in Western commerce and social activity, and this is reflected in the importance of pubs in the British colonisation of Australia after 1788. The Australian pub is a direct descendant of the British and Irish pub. They may also provide other services, such as entertainment, meals and basic accommodation. York Hotel in Kalgoorlie Young and Jacksons in Melbourne The Volunteer Hotel, Sydney, 1870Īn Australian pub or hotel is a public house or pub for short, in Australia, and is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. JSTOR ( June 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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